Competing Demands for Time and Self-Care Behaviors, Processes of Care, and Intermediate Outcomes Among People With Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To determine whether competing demands for time affect diabetes self-care behaviors, processes of care, and intermediate outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used survey and medical record data from 5,478 participants in Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) and hierarchical regression models to examine the cross-sectional associations between competing demands for time and diabetes outcomes, including self-management, processes of care, and intermediate health outcomes. RESULTS Fifty-two percent of participants reported no competing demands, 7% reported caregiving responsibilities only, 36% reported employment responsibilities only, and 6% reported both caregiving and employment responsibilities. For both women and men, employment responsibilities (with or without caregiving responsibilities) were associated with lower rates of diabetes self-care behaviors, worse processes of care, and, in men, worse HbA(1c). CONCLUSIONS Accommodations for competing demands for time may promote self-management and improve the processes and outcomes of care for employed adults with diabetes.